ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning · Training & Scaling1 source · Oct 19, 2026

CVaR-RMD: CVaR Selection Pressure for Robust Metaheuristic Discovery

We propose CVaR-RMD, a risk-sensitive evolutionary framework that uses an LLM to mutate executable heuristic programs and ranks candidates by empirical conditional value-at-risk over heterogeneous evaluation conditions.

Key points

  • Large language models have recently been used to discover heuristics through iterative program search, offering a promising approach to automated algorithm design.
  • However, candidates selected by average performance may degrade across instance families, random seeds, and problem scales because mean-based objectives can obscure rare but severe failures.
  • Across three combinatorial optimization domains, CVaR-based selection improves upper-tail performance and reduces failure rates while maintaining competitive mean performance.
  • These gains persist on larger unseen instances and independently curated within-domain benchmarks

Sources (1)

  • [1]CVaR-RMD: CVaR Selection Pressure for Robust Metaheuristic Discovery
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 19, 02:43 AM
    We propose CVaR-RMD, a risk-sensitive evolutionary framework that uses an LLM to mutate executable heuristic programs and ranks candidates by empirical conditional value-at-risk over heterogeneous evaluation conditions.
    Large language models have recently been used to discover heuristics through iterative program search, offering a promising approach to automated algorithm design.

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