ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 19, 2026

When Retrieval Partially Conflicts with Skills: Understanding Procedural Hallucination in Language Models

Language models increasingly use skills that provide reusable instructions and procedures for task execution.

Key points

  • When the retrieved context is useful but contains cues that violate the skill, the model must retain compatible information while rejecting the conflicting cues.
  • We study failures in which the model adopts such cues and produces a retrieval-supported but skill-invalid answer, which we call procedural hallucination.
  • We introduce SourceClash, a matched benchmark with 1,271 bundles and 6,355 prompts across ten procedural domains.
  • These results characterize how partly conflicting retrieval changes skill-guided generation.

Sources (1)

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