ResearchResearch paperEvaluation & Benchmarks · Safety & Alignment · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 19, 2026

SPLASH: Contrastive Audit Pressure for Detecting and Localizing Security Hallucinations in Generated Code

Code generated by large language models often passes every functional test while remaining insecure.

Key points

  • We introduce SPLASH, which is guided by a new measure called audit pressure.
  • It contrasts teacher-forced log-probabilities for the generated program under a security review and a style review.
  • Aggregated to statements and programs, and grounded in a probabilistic model of competing edits, audit pressure allows SPLASH to choose the secure program among a model's candidate programs and locate the vulnerable statement, with no model training, CWE-specific rules, or internal access to the generating model.
  • On 63,684 programs generated by 12 models for 899 tasks, SPLASH picks secure code in 74% of cases, places the vulnerable statement first in 58% of insecure programs, and chooses better than a frontier LLM judge.

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