ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 19, 2026

Towards instance-dependent regret optimality in Episodic MDPs with Posterior Sampling

We study regret minimization in finite-horizon episodic Markov Decision Processes (MDPs).

Key points

  • While minimax-optimal algorithms are known, tractable approaches to instance-dependent optimality are still lacking.
  • Motivated by this gap, we introduce $π0$-PSRL, a variant of PSRL that uses posterior samples to decide when exploration is needed, while following a fixed reference policy $π0$ during exploration episodes.
  • We prove instance-dependent regret bounds for $π0$-PSRL, identifying the logarithmic exploration cost induced by $π0$ and taking a step toward matching asymptotic lower bounds for episodic RL.
  • Our proof techniques showcase a novel proof structure to derive problem-dependent regret bounds in episodic MDPs, and concentration results for Dirichlet random variables, that may be of independent interest.

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