ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 20, 2026

Is Sycophancy a Form of In-Context Updating?

We argue that this framing over-emphasizes the user and propose viewing sycophancy as a failure within the broader and generally useful process of in-context updating, by which models revise their answers based on information supplied during an interaction.

Key points

  • Factual sycophancy, a language model's deference to a user's false beliefs, is usually understood as a bid for the user's approval at the expense of truthfulness.
  • We support this view with behavioral and mechanistic evidence.
  • First, models' responses to user claims sit within a broader pattern of source-sensitive updating.
  • Our results suggest that factual sycophancy arises when in-context updating gives a user's assertion excessive weight relative to its evidence.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Is Sycophancy a Form of In-Context Updating?
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 20, 02:59 PM
    We argue that this framing over-emphasizes the user and propose viewing sycophancy as a failure within the broader and generally useful process of in-context updating, by which models revise their answers based on information supplied during an interaction.
    Factual sycophancy, a language model's deference to a user's false beliefs, is usually understood as a bid for the user's approval at the expense of truthfulness.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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