ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Efficiency & Inference · Hardware & Compute1 source · Oct 7, 2026

Expert Coupling in MoE Pretraining: Reducing All-to-All Overhead with Correlated Placement and Token Shuffling

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers replace the feed-forward block of a Transformer with E expert networks, and each token is routed to k of these experts.

Key points

  • Under expert parallelism (EP) the experts are distributed across GPUs, and every MoE layer runs all-to-all collectives in the forward and backward passes to dispatch tokens to their experts and then combine the results.
  • On a cluster with 8 AMD Instinct MI300X GPUs per node, these collectives can take 45% of the training step at EP32 with top-2 routing and 60% with top-6 routing.
  • We find that early in pretraining routers have already learned to assign tokens to experts in correlated patterns, both within a layer and across layers.
  • Token shuffling applies when sequence parallelism shards tokens across the EP group.

Sources (1)

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Before this

  1. Oct 6, 2026huggingface/transformers v5.19.0: Release v5.19.0
  2. Sep 9, 2026vllm-project/vllm v0.29.0
  3. Aug 26, 2026huggingface/transformers v5.16.0: Release: v5.16.0
  4. Aug 10, 2026vllm-project/vllm v0.27.0
  5. Jul 11, 2026vllm-project/vllm v0.25.0
  6. Jul 10, 2026sgl-project/sglang v0.5.15

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