ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 12, 2026

Reinforcement Learning with Hawkes-Structured Networks for Market Making

We propose a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) framework for market making with general Hawkes order-flow dynamics.

Key points

  • Market making under realistic order-flow dynamics is challenging due to the clustered, self-exciting nature of order arrivals, which are naturally modeled by non-Markovian Hawkes processes.
  • We first establish non-asymptotic performance bounds that quantify the loss incurred by approximating the infinite-dimensional Hawkes state using a finite collection of exponentially weighted features.
  • Guided by this analysis, we introduce the Hawkes-Structured Network (HSN), a novel neural architecture that encodes historical order flow through a learnable mixture-of-exponentials filter.
  • Experiments on single- and multi-asset market-making problems with mixture-of-exponentials, power-law, and regime-switching kernels demonstrate that HSN outperforms general-purpose neural architectures, achieving higher trading rewards while implicitly recovering the underlying order-flow intensities.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Reinforcement Learning with Hawkes-Structured Networks for Market Making
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 12, 10:14 AM
    We propose a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) framework for market making with general Hawkes order-flow dynamics.
    Market making under realistic order-flow dynamics is challenging due to the clustered, self-exciting nature of order arrivals, which are naturally modeled by non-Markovian Hawkes processes.

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