ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Training & Scaling · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 13, 2026

Counterfactual Certification for Sequential Unlearning with Long-Run Performance Guarantees

Certified machine unlearning ensures the proximity between the unlearned model and a model retrained without the data to be forgotten.

Key points

  • For unlearning methods based on fine-tuning on the retain sets, this leads to either degrading performance or increasing computation as the number of unlearning requests grows.
  • For independent successive requests, we instead certify each model release against a counterfactual unlearning trajectory in which the group being deleted never took part.
  • With a fixed fine-tuning budget per deletion, we show that, for smooth strongly convex objectives, this approach keeps the performance loss bounded, uniformly in the number of requests.
  • Experiments with multiclass logistic regression on FEMNIST show that the resulting algorithm needs fewer corrective steps than existing sequential methods and outperforms training-time differential privacy, particularly when group sizes are heterogeneous.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Counterfactual Certification for Sequential Unlearning with Long-Run Performance Guarantees
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 13, 08:56 AM
    Certified machine unlearning ensures the proximity between the unlearned model and a model retrained without the data to be forgotten.
    For unlearning methods based on fine-tuning on the retain sets, this leads to either degrading performance or increasing computation as the number of unlearning requests grows.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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