ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Business, Funding & Industry · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 9, 2026

DPAL: A Test-Time Adaptation Loss for Financial Time Series Forecasting

To better account for these properties, we introduce Direction- and Price-Aware Adaptation Loss (DPAL), which combines pointwise return fitting with directional and price-calibration terms.

Key points

  • Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables time series forecasters to update after deployment as new observations become available.
  • However, adaptation objectives that focus primarily on prediction errors at individual time steps do not fully address the needs of financial time series forecasting.
  • We apply DPAL within existing TSF-TTA frameworks without modifying the source forecaster or the adapter architecture.
  • Across a diverse collection of financial datasets, DPAL reduces reconstructed-price mean squared error in most evaluated settings.

Sources (1)

  • [1]DPAL: A Test-Time Adaptation Loss for Financial Time Series Forecasting
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 9, 10:50 PM
    To better account for these properties, we introduce Direction- and Price-Aware Adaptation Loss (DPAL), which combines pointwise return fitting with directional and price-calibration terms.
    Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables time series forecasters to update after deployment as new observations become available.

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