ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Multimodal Models1 source · Oct 10, 2026

Evaluating Semantic Relation Knowledge through Bidirectional Relation Prediction from Gloss Pairs

In order to evaluate semantic relation knowledge of large language models (LLMs), we propose a challenging task in which an LLM predicts the relation between two glosses (definitions of senses) presented in two different orders.

Key points

  • Semantic relations organise word senses and are fundamental to lexical semantics.
  • The predictions for the two orders are evaluated for consistency with the symmetry or asymmetry of semantic relations.
  • Our task is designed for both monolingual and cross-lingual evaluation, allowing us to examine whether relation knowledge remains accessible when the same senses are verbalised through glosses in different languages.
  • Our results suggest limitations in current LLMs' semantic relation knowledge, both in identifying relations and in respecting asymmetry.

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