ResearchResearch paperRobotics & Embodied AI · Agents & Tool Use2 sources · Oct 8, 2026

Embodied Turing Machines: Stateful Code for Robot Recursive Self-Improvement

We propose a different view: the embodied world is an Embodied Turing Machine, whose tape is the robot and environment state and rules are the policy.

Key points

  • Most robot policies keep a model in the control loop: a VLA maps observations to actions, and an Agent Harness, such as Agent-as-Policy or Harness VLA queries a VLM for decision making at run time.
  • We therefore propose Code-Only-as-Policy (COAP): code measures and tracks the robot, environment, and task state from camera images and proprioception, and makes every decision from it.
  • These advantages make COAP a suitable medium for recursive self-improvement (RSI): coding agents develop the library in a closed loop, and each change is explicit and controllable.
  • We thus propose COAP as a new paradigm for embodied tasks; since it applies across episodes, it can also serve as an efficient data engine for VLAs and Agent Harnesses.

Sources (2)

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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