ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 14, 2026

A Unified Response Framework for Questions and Tutoring Dialogues

In this work, we propose a unified framework that models both student responses to questions and tutor-posed subtasks during dialogues on a shared item response theory (IRT) scale.

Key points

  • Existing student models in educational applications largely focus on student responses to questions.
  • We first identify mathematical subtasks in tutoring dialogues, rewrite them into self-contained questions, and identify the correctness of student responses to these subtasks.
  • We then develop an IRT framework that estimates question/subtask difficulty from text, tracks students' evolving abilities across question-answering and dialogue interactions, and a novel method to leverages tutor moves between consecutive subtasks to regularize their difficulty values.
  • We evaluate our framework on two real-world math education datasets containing both human- and AI-tutored dialogues.

Sources (1)

  • [1]A Unified Response Framework for Questions and Tutoring Dialogues
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 14, 03:47 AM
    In this work, we propose a unified framework that models both student responses to questions and tutor-posed subtasks during dialogues on a shared item response theory (IRT) scale.
    Existing student models in educational applications largely focus on student responses to questions.

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