ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Interpretability · Applications1 source · Oct 14, 2026

Likelihood Is Not Authorship: Can We Reliably Measure Human Contribution in AI-Assisted Writing?

AI-text detection generally asks whether a machine wrote a text.

Key points

  • As AI becomes an increasingly integral and accepted part of writing, the more relevant question is no longer whether AI was used, but how much of the text reflects human contribution.
  • We show that this measure can be easily manipulated.
  • We introduce SPECIFICITY PADDING that simply asks the model to copy a few random IDs from the prompt, and that alone makes a title-only request look more human than one that supplies the article's key ideas.
  • The same articles can average 85% human or 15% human depending only on which prompt is on record, and even with no prompt at all, the output-only variant rewards the random strings themselves.

Sources (1)

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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