ResearchResearch paperAgents & Tool Use · Large Language Models · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 14, 2026

When Extremists Enter LLM Societies: Investigating Extreme Behavior in Multi-Agent Systems

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly serve as computational actors in multi-agent social simulations.

Key points

  • We study this regularity in controlled LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS).
  • We first analyzed three properties of extremists in sociology and model the LLM extremist based on LLM-native perspective.
  • We introduce EXAM, an EXtremist Agent Modeling framework that capable of configuring extremist agents for specific tasks and precisely controlling their population proportion, spatial distribution, interaction protocols, and measurement interfaces.
  • Across four scenarios: congressional election, financial crisis, epidemic public opinion, and iterated prisoner's dilemma, we observe that small persistent tail groups produce measurable, backbone- and scenario-dependent collective shifts.

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