ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Multimodal Models1 source · Oct 14, 2026

On the Limits of Representation-Based Test-Time Adaptation for Multimodal LLMs

While test-time adaptation (TTA) successfully mitigates these shifts in CLIP-like contrastive models, its application to generative multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains underexplored and uniquely challenging due to their sequential token generation.

Key points

  • Vision-language models suffer significant accuracy drops under common corruptions.
  • In this work, we demonstrate that representation-based TTA fails to recover performance in MLLMs. Our experiments reveal that even when violating standard TTA assumptions by leveraging target data offline, sample-blind feature alignment recovers only marginal accuracy.

Sources (1)

  • [1]On the Limits of Representation-Based Test-Time Adaptation for Multimodal LLMs
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 14, 09:50 AM
    While test-time adaptation (TTA) successfully mitigates these shifts in CLIP-like contrastive models, its application to generative multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains underexplored and uniquely challenging due to their sequential token generation.
    Vision-language models suffer significant accuracy drops under common corruptions.

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