ResearchResearch paperRobotics & Embodied AI · Reasoning & Planning · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 14, 2026

DynThinker: Unifying Static 3D and Dynamic 4D Spatial Reasoning

To address this interference, we propose DynThinker, a unified framework for jointly strengthening static and dynamic spatial reasoning.

Key points

  • Achieving general spatial intelligence requires a unified understanding of both static 3D and dynamic 4D.
  • However, we find that existing models struggle to excel at both: 3D post-training can weaken dynamic understanding, while 4D-specialized models often lack strong static 3D reasoning.
  • Our analysis reveals that this spatial--dynamic interference is highly non-uniform across parameter groups, with the balance between static and dynamic capabilities particularly sensitive to changes in late-layer MLPs.
  • Spatial-Dynamic Fusion (SDF) complements D-EMA by selectively integrating spatial and temporal priors from a dynamic geometry encoder into intermediate VLM representations under semantic guidance.

Sources (1)

  • [1]DynThinker: Unifying Static 3D and Dynamic 4D Spatial Reasoning
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 14, 05:59 PM
    To address this interference, we propose DynThinker, a unified framework for jointly strengthening static and dynamic spatial reasoning.
    Achieving general spatial intelligence requires a unified understanding of both static 3D and dynamic 4D.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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