ResearchResearch paperMultimodal Models · Image, Video & 3D Generation · Efficiency & Inference2 sources · Oct 14, 2026

Intern Lumina U2: A Multi-Codebook Diffusion Large Language Model for Omni-Visual Understanding and Image Generation

We present Intern Lumina U2, to our knowledge the first diffusion language model to represent multi-codebook visual tokens in a fully discrete space.

Key points

  • Unified multimodal generation covers discrete, continuous, and hybrid paradigms.
  • Discrete approaches with single-codebook visual tokenizers align naturally with text modeling but have limited representational capacity.
  • Continuous and hybrid approaches retain richer visual representations, but they model text and images in heterogeneous spaces with different training objectives, potentially introducing optimization conflicts between modalities with misaligned representation spaces.
  • These choices expose a central question: how to efficiently model high-capacity visual representations alongside textual content in a shared optimization space within a single backbone.

Sources (2)

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