ResearchResearch paperSafety & Alignment · Agents & Tool Use1 source · Oct 14, 2026

INFUSE: A Unified Surface Benchmark for Indirect Prompt Injection in Agentic Systems

We introduce INFUSE, an end-to-end benchmark for evaluating IPI throughout the lifecycle of long-horizon agent workflows.

Key points

  • LLM-based agents increasingly execute long-horizon, end-to-end workflows involving shell commands, code modification, dependency installation, and interaction with remote services.
  • INFUSE comprises 40 realistic tasks and a structured taxonomy of 56 attack scenarios spanning five threat categories.
  • Attacks are injected through realistic interaction surfaces encountered during task execution, extending evaluation beyond attacks placed only in initial prompts or isolated tool interactions.
  • We evaluate 19 LLMs from the GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama, Gemma, and Qwen families, producing 41,824 adversarial trajectories (26,220 without defenses) and 720 benign reference runs.

Sources (1)

  • [1]INFUSE: A Unified Surface Benchmark for Indirect Prompt Injection in Agentic Systems
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 14, 06:26 PM
    We introduce INFUSE, an end-to-end benchmark for evaluating IPI throughout the lifecycle of long-horizon agent workflows.
    LLM-based agents increasingly execute long-horizon, end-to-end workflows involving shell commands, code modification, dependency installation, and interaction with remote services.

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