ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Large Language Models · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 15, 2026

Interfaces and Modules: A Scalable Representation for Weight-Space Learning across Architectures

Weight-space learning across architectures requires representations that respect parameter symmetries and scale to large networks.

Key points

  • Existing equivariant tensor encoders require architecture-specific symmetry specifications, while neuron graphs make global attention costly.
  • We introduce a typed graph organized around shared coordinate-permutation actions.
  • Its nodes, called interfaces, represent coordinate spaces whose bound tensor axes must be permuted jointly; operation occurrences, called modules, form typed hyperedges.
  • The Universal Weight Encoder (UWE) combines local equivariant updates to parameter features with global attention over invariant interface summaries.

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