ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning · Robotics & Embodied AI · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 16, 2026

Agentic In-Context Learning: What Algorithms Can Transformers Learn in Closed-Loop Interaction?

The learning algorithm view of in-context learning (ICL) studies how fixed-parameter Transformers learn from supplied examples.

Key points

  • Language model agents extend this setting through interaction: their actions determine what evidence enters context next.
  • We call this regime Agentic In-Context Learning (Agentic ICL).
  • We represent an interactive learner by its state, update, and decision rule, covering active learning, bandits, and online reinforcement learning (RL).
  • Improving the alignment of process supervision with outcome-optimal action preferences shifts learned decisions accordingly.

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