ResearchResearch paperComputer Vision · Efficiency & Inference · Evaluation & Benchmarks1 source · Oct 16, 2026

ECG-SDI: Single-lead Electrocardiogram Enables Continuous Sleep Depth Index Profiling and Scalable Digital Biomarkers for Sleep Health

We developed ECG-SDI, a single-lead electrocardiography (ECG) framework for continuous sleep-depth profiling and digital biomarker extraction.

Key points

  • Conventional sleep staging provides a coarse-grained representation that obscures within-stage depth variation.
  • Using 12,392 overnight polysomnographic recordings, we trained and validated a two-stage deep learning model supervised by conventional sleep-stage labels.
  • Biomarker-based phenotyping identified a disturbed subtype associated with poorer subjective sleep quality and higher all-cause mortality in the Sleep Heart Health Study (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.38).
  • These findings support ECG-based sleep phenotyping and further evaluation of CPAP response monitoring at home.

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