ResearchResearch paperReasoning & Planning · Image, Video & 3D Generation · Multimodal Models2 sources · Oct 19, 2026

Scaling Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Brain Encoding

We show that parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables us to effectively adapt very large pretrained backbones for brain encoding with a small number of trainable parameters.

Key points

  • Brain encoding models aim to predict neural responses to stimuli.
  • Trained with a low-rank adapter (LoRA) and a lightweight readout, our approach consistently improves brain encoding performance across nine diverse multimodal backbones.
  • We also show the adapted multimodal backbones remain interpretable: modality attribution recovers the canonical sensory topography that prior work often obtains by construction from separate unimodal encoders, and neural adaptation increases the contribution of audio inputs and cross-modal mixing within the backbone.
  • To scale out the number of adapted models, we develop a multi-LoRA kernel that accelerates joint training of multiple LoRAs on a shared backbone.

Sources (2)

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