ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 19, 2026

MapSteal: Map-based Autonomous Knowledge Stealing Attack Against Large Language Models

We propose MapSteal, a student-independent framework for structured recursive knowledge acquisition.

Key points

  • Knowledge acquisition from black-box large language models (LLMs) offers a practical approach to adapting smaller student models.
  • Starting from a small set of initial roots, MapSteal represents acquisition targets using structured states and recursively expands them through teacher-proposed directions.
  • Experiments with Qwen3.5 students at 2B, 4B, and 9B scales show competitive downstream performance across six medical and cybersecurity benchmarks.
  • These results demonstrate the feasibility of structured, student-independent recursive acquisition while highlighting the distinction between generating acquisition targets and obtaining useful training supervision.

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