ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Efficiency & Inference · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 19, 2026

Truncate or Not? A Scaling Study of Looped Transformers with Truncated Backpropagation

Looped transformers reuse a shared block of layers to increase computational depth without increasing the number of trainable parameters.

Key points

  • They are trained with backpropagation through time (BPTT).
  • To save training compute, BPTT is often truncated to the last few loops, although this may weaken the benefit of looping.
  • To study this tradeoff systematically, we jointly vary model size, training tokens, and forward and backward loop counts across nearly 600 training runs and fit a unified scaling law that captures the effects of looping and truncation through effective parameters.
  • In matched-compute runs, full BPTT through fewer loops consistently outperforms truncated settings of the same compute.

Sources (1)

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