ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Robotics & Embodied AI · Agents & Tool Use1 source · Oct 19, 2026

Procedural Exposure Bias in Skill-Augmented Language Model Agents

We find that PEB strongly depends on how procedural knowledge is represented: presenting the same content visually substantially attenuates exposure-induced shifts in action preference relative to textual presentation.

Key points

  • External skills provide language-model agents with reusable procedural knowledge, yet how models use such knowledge after it is supplied remains poorly understood.
  • We identify Procedural Exposure Bias (PEB), the tendency of language models to increasingly favor an action as its associated procedural pattern is repeatedly exposed in a skill, even when the interaction state and action relevance remain unchanged.
  • Although repeated procedural signals remain recoverable from Visual representations, they exert a weaker influence on downstream action prediction, distinguishing signal accessibility from its use as action evidence.
  • Layer-wise analyses show that exposure-dependent action evidence becomes more pronounced toward the model output, with stronger evidence under Text, while activation interventions reveal architecture-specific roles of internal components in transmitting or counteracting the preference shift.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Procedural Exposure Bias in Skill-Augmented Language Model Agents
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 19, 09:23 AM
    We find that PEB strongly depends on how procedural knowledge is represented: presenting the same content visually substantially attenuates exposure-induced shifts in action preference relative to textual presentation.
    External skills provide language-model agents with reusable procedural knowledge, yet how models use such knowledge after it is supplied remains poorly understood.

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