ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Interpretability · Retrieval, RAG & Search1 source · Oct 19, 2026

From Retrieval to Recognition:Knowledge-Enhanced Post-training of Time Series Foundation Models for Classification

To this end, we propose Retrieval-to-Recognition (R2R), a plug-and-play post-training paradigm that adapts pretrained TSFMs to time series classification.

Key points

  • Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have achieved notable progress in classification tasks through large-scale pretraining.
  • Rather than pretraining a new foundation model, R2R improves how existing TSFMs are post-trained: it introduces a decoupled query encoder to extract discriminative patterns and retrieve instance-level numerical knowledge from a constructed knowledge base.
  • In this way, R2R allows TSFMs to recall task-relevant patterns learned during pretraining, improving the efficiency of knowledge utilization in downstream classification transfer.
  • Experiments on 158 time series datasets show that R2R consistently improves the classification performance of state-of-the-art TSFMs. Ablation and knowledge-enhanced studies further validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

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