ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Reasoning & Planning1 source · Oct 19, 2026

Nested Shared-Operator Recursion on ARC-AGI-1: An Empirical Study of HRM, TRM and URM

Recursive reasoning models refine persistent internal states by repeatedly applying learned operators.

Key points

  • We investigate whether adding a persistent intermediate state that integrates repeated updates of a faster state through the same operator improves predictive performance relative to each model family's baseline at matched parameter counts.
  • We define this organisation operationally and implement it within three architectures: the Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM), Tiny Recursive Model (TRM) and Universal Reasoning Model (URM).
  • Using the official codebases on ARC-AGI-1, we compare each baseline with its parameter-matched nested variant.
  • We evaluate held-out queries from tasks whose demonstrations were available during training.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Nested Shared-Operator Recursion on ARC-AGI-1: An Empirical Study of HRM, TRM and URM
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 19, 04:20 PM
    Recursive reasoning models refine persistent internal states by repeatedly applying learned operators.
    We investigate whether adding a persistent intermediate state that integrates repeated updates of a faster state through the same operator improves predictive performance relative to each model family's baseline at matched parameter counts.

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