ResearchResearch paperReasoning & Planning1 source · Oct 19, 2026

Modeling Authentic Research Trajectories: A Graph View of Research Ideation

The research idea in a published paper is rarely the project's initial idea.

Key points

  • We propose the Research Progress Graph (RPG), a representation of authentic and complete research trajectories.
  • Comparing the representations of thirty-five research agents with the RPG, we find that each is an incomplete RPG; none keeps the state that changed, the evidence that changed it, and the reasoning connecting them as one evolving record.
  • Modeling ideation with the RPG changes how research agents should be designed, evaluated, and trained.
  • Agents predict the next research state instead of a complete idea, ideas are evaluated as trajectories instead of final texts, and authentic trajectories serve as training data.

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