ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Efficiency & Inference · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 20, 2026

When Does Experience Memory Help Closed-Loop LLM Driving Agents? A Controlled Evaluation with Resampled Warmup Pools, Token-Matched Fillers, and Audited Baselines

When does experience memory help a closed-loop LLM driving agent?

Key points

  • Published gains cannot say, because the two factors we find to matter most, which warmup experiences the pool contains and what any injected tokens do to the prompt, are controlled in none of them.
  • We treat the warmup pool as a resampled random factor (ten disjoint pools) and add token-matched irrelevant-filler controls, oracle-certified diagnostics, caution-pricing metrics, and quantified audits of the baseline ports.
  • The probe suite spans flat-text retrieval (a DiLu port), a single-frame grid port (RESPOND-inspired), our episodic temporal-graph memory, a retrieval-free consolidated rulebook, and a flat K-step observation-history baseline.
  • (1) Headline memory gains belong to the warmup draw.

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