ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 20, 2026

Continuous-Time Policy Gradient from Discrete Data: Convergence Analysis and Model-Free Algorithms

Continuous-time reinforcement learning seeks an optimal policy under unknown dynamics driven by stochastic differential equations using observations collected at discrete times.

Key points

  • We develop a policy gradient framework that combines rigorous convergence analysis with learning from discrete data.
  • We first establish a performance difference lemma and derive policy gradient formulas for randomized and parametrized policies.
  • The resulting on-policy and off-policy model-free actor-critic algorithms preserve the continuous-time structure of the control problem.
  • Numerical experiments on an entropy-regularized linear-quadratic regulator and a nonlinear wheeled robot demonstrate the performance and stability of the proposed methods with both known and data-driven dynamics.

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