ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Interpretability · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 20, 2026

LEAN: Loss-Engineered Modulation of the Model Weight-Sensitivity Distribution for Efficient, Error-Tolerant Neural Networks

We show that we can systematically modulate or alter the weight sensitivity distribution of a trained model, thereby shifting weights from one sensitivity bin to another.

Key points

  • The weights of a trained network do not have uniform sensitivity to model accuracy: the 1% most sensitive weights carry about a fifth of the damage a bit flip can do.
  • This distribution decides the bit-flip tolerance of a model, the fraction of weights a code must cover and the bits each weight needs; existing schemes work with the distribution training leaves.
  • With a BCH code over 1% of the weights the model then survives 300 progressive bit-search flips in every training seed and 500 in two of three, where three of four published defenses with the same code fail by 300 and WCAT falls to 75% at 500.
  • The reshaped distribution also cuts the parity for a fixed guarantee 3.7 times and makes a sensitivity-ordered 8/6/4/3-bit format affordable, which stores ImageNet ResNet-50 at a 3.29-bit weight payload, 2.4 times smaller than INT8, above the accuracy of LSQ at 3 bits.

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