ResearchResearch paperRobotics & Embodied AI1 source · Oct 21, 2026

Failure Modes of Vision-Language Models for Human Activity Understanding in Thermal HRI

Thermal cameras enable robots to perceive human activities in darkness while revealing less personally identifiable appearance information and fewer details of the surrounding environment than RGB cameras.

Key points

  • As vision-language models (VLMs), originally developed for RGB imagery, are increasingly integrated into embodied systems for scene understanding and high-level planning, thermal sensing offers a promising way to extend activity perception to low-light and privacy-sensitive settings.
  • However, the failure modes of VLMs in thermal human activity understanding for human-robot interaction (HRI) remain underexplored.
  • We fill this gap by evaluating seven locally deployable VLMs, including models developed for physical AI and robotics, on two person-centric thermal datasets.
  • Our diagnostic tasks examine fine-grained action recognition, activity timeline reconstruction, and the ability to withhold unsupported answers.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Failure Modes of Vision-Language Models for Human Activity Understanding in Thermal HRI
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 21, 05:49 AM
    Thermal cameras enable robots to perceive human activities in darkness while revealing less personally identifiable appearance information and fewer details of the surrounding environment than RGB cameras.
    As vision-language models (VLMs), originally developed for RGB imagery, are increasingly integrated into embodied systems for scene understanding and high-level planning, thermal sensing offers a promising way to extend activity perception to low-light and privacy-sensitive settings.

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