ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 21, 2026

Scaling Multilingual Pretraining of Pixel Language Models

Pixel language models process text as rendered images instead of a finite vocabulary, which gives them strong cross-lingual transfer abilities.

Key points

  • In this paper, we train a family of MPIXEL models along three axes of variation: more languages, more scripts, and larger model capacity under fixed per-language compute.
  • In evaluations on five tasks covering 83 languages, we find that scaling acts locally: each axis improves the added languages and scripts, while increased capacity mitigates the curse of multilinguality from pretraining on more languages.
  • We also show that larger pixel models reserve more layers for visual processing, and that cross-lingual alignment weakens as more languages are added.
  • Overall, our findings characterize how multilingual scaling improves pixel language models.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Scaling Multilingual Pretraining of Pixel Language Models
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 21, 12:57 PM
    Pixel language models process text as rendered images instead of a finite vocabulary, which gives them strong cross-lingual transfer abilities.
    In this paper, we train a family of MPIXEL models along three axes of variation: more languages, more scripts, and larger model capacity under fixed per-language compute.

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