ResearchResearch paperComputer Vision1 source · Oct 21, 2026

Open-Vocabulary Models and Label Propagation for Uncertainty-aware Pseudo-Labeling of Object Detection Datasets

We address this challenge by introducing a semi-supervised framework for the uncertainty-aware annotation of object detection datasets.

Key points

  • Object detection models rely on large-scale annotated datasets that require substantial manual annotation effort.
  • We evaluate our method on four object detection benchmarks with soft-label annotations and demonstrate that high-quality annotations can be obtained with only a small fraction of manually labeled objects.
  • Furthermore, we show that detectors trained on semi-automatically annotated data achieve performance comparable to models trained on fully manually annotated data.
  • These results highlight the potential of open-vocabulary models and graph-based label propagation for efficient, accurate and uncertainty-aware pseudo-labeling.

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