ResearchResearch paperComputer Vision · Image, Video & 3D Generation1 source · Oct 21, 2026

Existence of Minimizers for the Gaussian Mumford-Shah Model via Covariance Floors on the Value Distribution

The Gaussian Mumford-Shah model segments an image into regions by minimizing a continuous multivariate Gaussian negative log-likelihood term plus a perimeter penalty.

Key points

  • It is used for scalar- and vector-valued images, in particular hyperspectral images, but the existence of a minimizer in general is not guaranteed.
  • A quantitative covariance floor on the covariances of all regions, or equivalently uniform Hölder continuity with exponent at most one of all one-dimensional marginals of the histogram, guarantees a lower bound on the energy and the existence of a minimizer.
  • Our approach therefore shows that existence follows from a property of the histogram of the image, and we furthermore argue that scale-independent covariance floors cannot exist.
  • As applications of our theory, we show the convergence of regularized models used in practice and of numerical methods.

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