ResearchResearch paperInterpretability · Efficiency & Inference · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 13, 2026

Random Probing for Structural Self-Interactions in Graph Neural Networks

In this work, we introduce DIAL, a message-passing layer that gives nodes access to graph structure through the diagonal of graph-derived operators.

Key points

  • Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) fundamentally lack the ability to capture structural properties defined by node self-interactions, such as cycle counts, subgraph centrality, and heat kernel signatures.
  • Our approach uses randomized probing to provide nodes with learnable, permutation equivariant access to diagonal entries.
  • We prove that our approach can express important structural features, including cycle counts, subgraph centrality, and heat kernel signatures.
  • Experiments on molecular property prediction, cycle counting, and pattern detection demonstrate the effectiveness of DIAL across a range of graph learning tasks.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Random Probing for Structural Self-Interactions in Graph Neural Networks
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 13, 11:07 AM
    In this work, we introduce DIAL, a message-passing layer that gives nodes access to graph structure through the diagonal of graph-derived operators.
    Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) fundamentally lack the ability to capture structural properties defined by node self-interactions, such as cycle counts, subgraph centrality, and heat kernel signatures.

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