ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning · Large Language Models · Retrieval, RAG & Search1 source · Oct 13, 2026

Prompt or Policy? Optimizing Physician Slate Presentations with LLM User Simulators

To optimize physician presentations without relying on real patient interactions, we develop an offline framework that uses persona-conditioned LLMs to simulate patient choices.

Key points

  • Choosing the right physician is a key challenge for patients seeking medical care.
  • We formulate slate presentation optimization: given a patient's medical case and a fixed, ranked list of physicians, we generate short, case-specific summaries that make doctors easier to compare, while remaining grounded in the information in their profiles.
  • We compare automatic prompt-level optimization with GEPA, parameter-level optimization with GRPO, and their combination across two model sizes.
  • These results show that prompt-level and parameter-level optimization play complementary roles in improving how physician recommendations are presented.

Sources (1)

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