ResearchResearch paperEfficiency & Inference · Training & Scaling · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 13, 2026

Beyond RMSE and Granger Gain: Multi-Horizon Forecast-Error Entropy for Nonlinear Predictive Coupling

We compare matched out-of-sample target-only and target-plus-source forecasts and introduce the forecast-error distribution entropy (FEDE) predictive-causality framework, where predictive causality is understood in the Granger sense: auxiliary history is informative when it improves prediction beyond the target's own past.

Key points

  • We investigate whether the past of an auxiliary time series provides predictive information about a target beyond that contained in the target's own history.
  • FEDE quantifies how the full signed forecast-error distribution changes across prediction horizons.
  • Controlled nonlinear benchmarks hide source-target dependence behind nonlinear transformations not supplied to the predictors.
  • Together, these results establish FEDE as a sensitive and robust horizon-resolved tool that extracts predictive information beyond conventional error-magnitude measures when the nonlinear interaction form is unknown.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Beyond RMSE and Granger Gain: Multi-Horizon Forecast-Error Entropy for Nonlinear Predictive Coupling
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 13, 01:40 PM
    We compare matched out-of-sample target-only and target-plus-source forecasts and introduce the forecast-error distribution entropy (FEDE) predictive-causality framework, where predictive causality is understood in the Granger sense: auxiliary history is informative when it improves prediction beyond the target's own past.
    We investigate whether the past of an auxiliary time series provides predictive information about a target beyond that contained in the target's own history.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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