ResearchResearch paperEfficiency & Inference · Training & Scaling · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 11, 2026

FragFlex: Fragment-Based Flexible Molecular Generation for Exploring Vast Chemical Space

We introduce FragFlex, a flexible-length discrete diffusion model that performs node insertion and deletion at the fragment level.

Key points

  • Drug discovery requires efficient exploration of an astronomically large chemical space.
  • Molecular graph diffusion models offer a promising approach to this task, but many require graph size to be fixed before generation.
  • Although atom-level insertion and deletion can enable flexible-size generation, jointly modeling molecular size, atom types, and bonds while maintaining chemical validity remains challenging.
  • A neural attachment-site predictor and valence-aware assembler then convert the generated fragment graph into an atom-level molecule.

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