ResearchResearch paperSpeech & Audio · Computer Vision1 source · Oct 11, 2026

RF Fingerprinting of DSP Implementations using Machine Learning: An Over-the-Air Case Study

Radio frequency fingerprinting aims to identify transmitters by exploiting small differences in the emitted signal waveform.

Key points

  • This work instead investigates whether differences between digital signal processing implementations of a transmitter can be identified from their radiated signals.
  • As a practical case study, five different software-based DSP implementations for generating a 2-FSK RTTY communication waveform are considered.
  • In a monitoring receiver, a classifier can identify these DSP implementations using convolutional neural networks that are trained on augmented software-generated signals represented as raw IQ, power spectrum or instantaneous frequency.
  • The results demonstrate that DSP implementations leave distinguishable characteristics in the transmitted signals and suggest that DSP-dependent fingerprinting can provide complementary information for specific emitter identification systems.

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