ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning · Reasoning & Planning · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 11, 2026

Visible but Not Avoided: State-Dependent Re-Proposal of Rejected Candidates in Catalog-Based LLM Optimization Loops

LLM optimization loops often show the proposer the candidates it has already tried and rejected, but leave it to the proposer to avoid them.

Key points

  • We ask whether avoidance measured in a static probe predicts avoidance in the states an optimizer's own trajectory produces.
  • In catalog-based loops where three open LLMs improve a GUI agent by naming one of 40 edits, a re-proposal is identified exactly by the edit's name.
  • Clean base-state probes underpredict re-proposal in the proposers' own loops (macro-averaged loop-minus-probe rate 0.32 [0.27, 0.37]), and proposals of already evaluated harness-edit pairs consume 28-63% of valid proposer iterations.
  • For catalog-based loops with exact edit identities, rejection avoidance should be measured on the rejected sets the loop produces.

Sources (1)

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