ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Data & Datasets1 source · Oct 15, 2026

Classical methods for modern applications: synthetic tabular data generation using lightweight discrete response continuous latent variable model

In this paper, we present a lightweight algorithm for modelling tabular data containing both continuous and discrete variables.

Key points

  • The method uses empirical marginal distributions and a selected quantile function to transform the data into a continuous latent space, where a distribution of choice, e.g. a multivariate Gaussian, can be efficiently estimated and applied.
  • While this approach is closely related to classical well-established machine learning methods, we present a novel adaptation that fits well within the contemporary computational ecosystem.
  • One of the key characteristics of the proposed approach is its continuous representation of discrete variables.
  • We show that this ambiguity naturally leads to a Monte Carlo expectation-maximisation (MCEM) formulation, whose auxiliary objective can be expressed as a weighted latent-space likelihood.

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