ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 18, 2026

From Unverifiable Domain Text to Cross-Lingual RLVR via Code-Switched Task Synthesis

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) can improve reasoning in large language models, but specialized non-English domains expose a data mismatch.

Key points

  • We introduce code-switched task synthesis for cross-lingual RLVR, a data-centric approach that derives target-language and code-switched RLVR task variants from otherwise unverifiable English domain text.
  • Using fill-in-the-middle multiple-choice QA as a seed task format, we synthesize automatically verifiable tasks from domain passages and reshape them into cross-lingual variants.
  • On Korean medical benchmarks and cybersecurity benchmarks across four target languages, code-switched training outperforms matched monolingual and bilingual-mixture baselines on average target-language performance while maintaining comparable English performance.
  • These results suggest that code-switched training helps target-language inputs access domain reasoning learned more strongly in English.

Sources (1)

  • [1]From Unverifiable Domain Text to Cross-Lingual RLVR via Code-Switched Task Synthesis
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 18, 04:54 PM
    Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) can improve reasoning in large language models, but specialized non-English domains expose a data mismatch.
    We introduce code-switched task synthesis for cross-lingual RLVR, a data-centric approach that derives target-language and code-switched RLVR task variants from otherwise unverifiable English domain text.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

Before this

  1. Oct 18, 2026Conformal Prediction-Enabled Sequence-level Policy Optimization for Reasoning Language Models
  2. Oct 17, 2026Safety Kernel: Mechanistic Alignment for Cross-Lingual Defense in LLMs
  3. Oct 16, 2026Preserving Reasoning Diversity in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards via Adaptive Replay
  4. Oct 16, 2026Prefix-Tuning for Arbitrary Output Sequences on Pretrained Transformers
  5. Oct 16, 2026Cross-Centaur: Modeling Individual Decision-Making Across Psychological Tasks with Language Models
  6. Oct 16, 2026Tree-Aware Posterior Distillation for Long-Horizon Agentic Reinforcement Learning

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