ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Reinforcement Learning · Interpretability1 source · Oct 20, 2026

Decision Sufficiency of Learned Representation Interfaces for Safe Generative Control

We study decision sufficiency: whether the best controller using a representation can match the minimum average loss attainable with full state information, under the same strategies and evaluation criteria.

Key points

  • A controller can guide a language model toward safe and useful responses by choosing when to assist, ask for clarification, or refuse.
  • For interfaces with finitely many outputs, we compute the optimal loss exactly and separate the three sources of excess loss.
  • Pairwise checks can miss information loss: states with the same controller input may share an optimal strategy in every pair but not across the whole group.
  • We audit selected features from sparse autoencoders, which encode model activations using relatively few active features, in Qwen2.5, SmolLM2, and Phi.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Decision Sufficiency of Learned Representation Interfaces for Safe Generative Control
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 20, 12:49 AM
    We study decision sufficiency: whether the best controller using a representation can match the minimum average loss attainable with full state information, under the same strategies and evaluation criteria.
    A controller can guide a language model toward safe and useful responses by choosing when to assist, ask for clarification, or refuse.

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