ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 14, 2026

One Task, Many Interfaces: Simple Cross-Interface Consistency Training Improves LLM Agent Robustness

We propose Cross-Interface Policy Regularization (CIPR), a self-supervised objective that replaces action names with uninformative identifiers and presents each training sample under two interfaces in which equivalent actions are identified by construction.

Key points

  • Post-training binds the competence of an LLM agent to the interface it was trained on.
  • Semantics-preserving perturbations of that interface, such as renaming an action or changing the notation, leave the underlying task unchanged yet make the agent worse at it.
  • Scoring each sample independently means interface randomization only broadens this dependence from a single interface to the training interface distribution, so out-of-distribution perturbations still degrade the agent.
  • We evaluate CIPR in both supervised and reinforcement-learning post-training, where it improves robustness.

Sources (1)

  • [1]One Task, Many Interfaces: Simple Cross-Interface Consistency Training Improves LLM Agent Robustness
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 14, 05:56 PM
    We propose Cross-Interface Policy Regularization (CIPR), a self-supervised objective that replaces action names with uninformative identifiers and presents each training sample under two interfaces in which equivalent actions are identified by construction.
    Post-training binds the competence of an LLM agent to the interface it was trained on.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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