ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 13, 2026

Demystifying On-Policy Distillation: Where Does the Teacher's Advantage Live?

On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly studied as a cheaper alternative to reinforcement learning, yet it remains a form of knowledge distillation (KD) that relies on teacher supervision.

Key points

  • We revisit OPD from the KD perspective by asking where the teacher's advantage lies along student-generated trajectories.
  • Controlled token flips at teacher-student disagreements directly measure the accuracy gained from teacher corrections.
  • We advocate training schedules that learn more valuable teacher corrections while maintaining distributional stability.
  • Controlled flips and fork-resolution analysis evaluate OPD beyond accuracy by measuring which teacher preferences the student acquires and what further correction can recover.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Demystifying On-Policy Distillation: Where Does the Teacher's Advantage Live?
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 13, 08:11 PM
    On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly studied as a cheaper alternative to reinforcement learning, yet it remains a form of knowledge distillation (KD) that relies on teacher supervision.
    We revisit OPD from the KD perspective by asking where the teacher's advantage lies along student-generated trajectories.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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