ResearchResearch paperImage, Video & 3D Generation1 source · Oct 8, 2026

PAM-ToD: Plug-and-Play Appearance Modeling for Cross-Time-of-Day 3D Gaussian Splatting

Adapting a pre-trained 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) road scene to a new time of day requires learning appearance changes from a few anchor images while preserving consistent, real-time rendering.

Key points

  • We propose PAM-ToD, a lightweight plug-in that learns color corrections while keeping the pre-trained 3DGS parameters fixed.
  • PAM-ToD scales each Gaussian's existing color to model illumination changes and uses an additive term for additional brightness, such as when street lamps turn on at night.
  • Under a simplified image formation model, unchanged surface albedo can be eliminated from the relation between source and target appearances, allowing us to learn these corrections without separately estimating albedo and illumination.
  • We also introduce CARLA-ToD, a benchmark with matching geometry, camera poses, and moving-object trajectories across three times of day.

Sources (1)

  • [1]PAM-ToD: Plug-and-Play Appearance Modeling for Cross-Time-of-Day 3D Gaussian Splatting
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 09:27 AM
    Adapting a pre-trained 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) road scene to a new time of day requires learning appearance changes from a few anchor images while preserving consistent, real-time rendering.
    We propose PAM-ToD, a lightweight plug-in that learns color corrections while keeping the pre-trained 3DGS parameters fixed.

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