ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 16, 2026

What Shapes Brain Alignment of Large Language Models during Dialogue? Insights from Language Production and Comprehension

Brain alignment of large language models (LLMs) offers a way to investigate representational similarities between LLMs and the human brain during language processing.

Key points

  • In this study, using fMRI data collected during dialogue, we examine brain alignment during language production and comprehension across LLM layers and brain regions.
  • We assess its association with the intrinsic dimension (ID) of LLM representations and the contributions of several interpretable linguistic and communicative features.
  • Our results reveal distinct patterns of brain alignment between production and comprehension, as well as strong associations with ID in brain regions associated with each processing mode.
  • Furthermore, we show that the contributions of linguistic and communicative features also vary across processing modes, LLM layers, and brain regions.

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