ResearchResearch paperEvaluation & Benchmarks · Agents & Tool Use · Large Language Models2 sources · Oct 16, 2026

OR-License: Evaluating LLM Agents as Real-World Operations Research Practitioners

Can large language model (LLM) agents deliver expert-level operations research (OR) solutions directly from original client materials, without prior expert reformulation?

Key points

  • Existing OR benchmarks typically begin with self-contained descriptions or predefined optimization tasks, underrepresenting the translation of original business materials into professionally validated solutions.
  • We introduce OR-License, an end-to-end benchmark of 31 instances across 10 industrial scenarios from paid OR engagements totaling USD 3.68 million.
  • To study information acquisition, we introduce ORSim, a controlled client simulator that discloses business facts without supplying OR expertise.
  • Across 11 frontier LLMs using coding-agent harnesses, several exceed the expert reference in conditional objective quality, but none matches its DAQ; the strongest primary Claude Code configuration achieves 88.39% strict feasibility and a DAQ of 0.87 against the expert reference of 1.

Sources (2)

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