ResearchResearch paperComputer Vision · Interpretability1 source · Oct 18, 2026

PanoDent-KD: From Generalist Knowledge Distillation to Cross-Dataset Specialist Detection and Embedded Deployment in Panoramic Radiographs

Reliable panoramic-radiograph detection requires consistency across datasets with different class definitions and deployment software.

Key points

  • We present PanoDent-KD, an auditable 1280-pixel YOLO26m pipeline linking a 12-class source generalist, feature-level knowledge distillation (KD), exact classifier-row transfer, teacher-free five-class specialization, and embedded deployment.
  • A common training and evaluation pipeline compares three source-training arms across three seeds: a supervised baseline (B1), single-teacher KD (STKD), and multi-teacher KD (MTKD).
  • Five shared classifier rows initialize nine OralXrays-9 specialists, while the backbone, FPN-PAN neck, and dual-detection-head topology are retained unchanged.
  • Its Jetson Orin Nano Super FP16 TensorRT engine achieves 77.03-ms median and 80.86-ms P95 prediction-call latency, throughput of 12.90 images/s, and gross total-module energy of 1.39 J/image, with high numerical agreement between within-device PyTorch and TensorRT FP16 inference.

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